Yam Farming/processing Business Plan and Feasibility Study
Yam Farming/processing Business Plan and Feasibility Study
Yam Farming/processing Business Plan and Feasibility Study is free. As a matter of facts, this is a free guide on Yam Farming/processing Business Plan and Feasibility Study. furthermore, we look at areas like; soil, Land and Setts Preparation, and Pre-Sprouting of Setts. Similarly, we also look at Fertilizer application, Trailing, Weed, Pest and Disease Control. Finally, we look at Harvest yam for the market.
Yam Business Plan and Feasibility Study
Yam Business Plan and Feasibility Study is your winning tool to get a loan, grant or an investor. This is what your investor wants to see not too many grammar. Business Plan and Feasibility Study show how you business get back its initial investment capital. As a farm owner, it guides you on how to minimize you input for maximum out. We are always here to give you a world class Business Plan and Feasibility Study for your loan, grant competition. Contact us today, lets give you a winning Business Plan and Feasibility Study.
A to Z Yam Farming/processing Business
Yams are starchy staples in the form of large tubers produced by annual and perennial vines grown in Africa, Worldwide Yam production in 2007 amounted to 52 million tons, of which Africa produced 96%. Most of the world's production comes from West Africa representing 94%, with Nigeria alone producing 71%, equaling more than 37 million tons, the remaining 30 per cent is shared among Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo and Benin Republic”Soil
The best soils for growing Yams are the sandy clay loams. However, Yams can be cultivated on most soil types once the Yam holes are properly dug and lled with organic material. Organic matter improves soil structure, acts as a slow release Fertilizer and allows for optimal growth of the tubers. Adequate drainage, proper aeration, friable soil and sufcient moisture (not waterlogged) are other critical requirements for yam growthLand and Setts Preparation
Plough or dig the land up to a depth of 15-20 cm. Dig pits of size 45 x 45 x 45 cm at a distance of 1 x 1m. Fill up three fourth of the pits with 1-1.25 kg cattle manure or compost and mix with topsoil. Plant the cut tuber pieces and completely cover the pit with leafy materials to conserve soil moisture and maintain optimum temperature.Setts are whole tubers or tuber that is cut in pieces used for planting. If the tuber is small, it can be planted whole, but if it is big, it has to be cut in pieces to the size of 60g to 100g. As a rule, the bigger the sett used, the higher is the expected yield but shouldn't be too big, else, you will be wasting resources. Setts should be taken from healthy tubers of healthy plants. Appropriate Sett size are not sliced while larger tubers are sliced into the desired Sett size so that each Sett has sufcient skin surface area. Thus, four types of Setts are obtained and are named according to their positions on the tuber as follows: Head Setts, Middle Setts and Tail Setts for the tuber pieces and whole Setts for the whole tubers. Cut sides of the Setts are treated with ash or with fungicide and air dried.
After air drying, Setts are either pre-sprouted or planted directly.
Pre-Sprouting of Setts
Because the emergence period of most freshly prepared setts in the eld lasts from three to twelve weeks, it is desirable to pre-sprout the setts before they are planted. This procedure assures the emergence of setts when planted and minimizes expenses on weeding before sett emergence. To pre-sprout a sett, a shallow ditch is dug in a clear shaded area under trees, under bananas, or under a shed constructed for the purpose. Setts are placed side by side in the ditch and covered with dry grasses or dry banana leaves. In cases where no ditch is dug, the setts can be placed side by side on the ground instead.Fertilizer Application
A hectare of Yam will need about 128kg Nitrogen (282 Kg of Indorama Granular Urea), 17kg Phosphorous and 162kg Potassium from the soil. The level of soil fertility in the eld and the amount of Fertilizer required can be determined by submitting the soil samples to the any Agricultural Institute or to IITA for analysis. The assistance of the local Farm Management Technician should be sought regarding this.Application of Inorganic Fertilizer. The recommended amount of Fertilizer is split into two, one-half applied about one month after emergence and the other half applied about two months after the rst application. The band method of Fertilizer application is used, with the Fertilizer being placed about 10 cm away from the plants.
Application of Compost. Yams respond well to Organic Fertilizers like compost – a mixture of decayed organic matter composed of plant parts and animal manures. The compost is mixed with the soil while the eld is being prepared or it is placed just below the spot where Setts are to be planted.
Trailing
Trailing is essential to expose the leaves to sunlight. Trailing has to be done within 15 days after sprouting by coir rope attached to artificial supports in the open areas or to trees where they are raised as an intercrop. When grown in open areas, trail to a height of 3-4 m. Trail the vines properly as and when side shoots are produced.Weed Control
Controlling weeds for the first 6-8 weeks after planting is important. Use a contact herbicide in the furrows during growth and manually remove weeds from around the plant. Selective herbicides can be used to controlgrass weeds and manual methods can be used to control broad-leaved weeds.Pest and Diseases
The major disease problem is Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.). Anthracnose is normally seen as small, black spots between the leaf veins. Some infections can coalesce to form massive blighted lesions. This disease can be signicantly managed using a number of cultural practices with a combination of timely chemical controls as listed hereunder:1. Soak the Yam Sett with recommended copper fungicides prior to planting and drench the planting holes with the fungicide after planting.
2. Spray the vines upon shoot emergence.
3. Alternate fungicides to prevent the build up to chemical resistance.
4. Encourage healthy plants by ensuring adequate levels of nutrients.
5. Sanitize the field by raking and removing fallen leaves prior to cultivation to reduce the source of the inoculum (spores of the fungus). 7. Inter-crop with corn. The corn crop helps to move the spores up and away from the yam leaves reducing the infection rate.
9. Inspect the field continuously and rogue out infected plants, especially at the windward side of the field.
Harvesting
Yams mature between 9-10 months after planting when the vines are completely dried up. Dig out the tubers without causing injury. Generally, a yield of 10–15 tonnes per ha for White Yam and 16–25 tonnes for Water Yam are obtained by following prescribed management practices. The harvested Yams are stored by tying them with ropes. They have a shelf life of about 5 months. Warehouses where they are stored should be made rodent-proof with a metal base and wire netting. Rotten buds and sprouted buds should be removed.Important Note: Tubers, especially those intended to be used as Setts for next season's planting are harvested at the later part of the period. Tubers intended for consumption or for the market are sometimes harvested earlier, even before foliage yellowing Sets in.
A hoe or a similar hand tool is used to dig around the tuber to loosen it from the soil. Then the tuber is lifted and clinging soil particles are removed. The vine is cut at the base to complete the harvesting.
For sandy soil, sturdy stick sharpened at one end is sometimes used to dig out the tuber. For clay soil and for varieties with deeply buried tubers, other specialized harvesters like shovel may be used. Whatever tool is to be used to harvest the tubers, it is important that care should be exercised so as not to injure Yam while digging as that may reduce the market value and hasten it's decay.
After tubers are cleaned, they are collected and placed in rattan baskets or bamboo or wooden crates lined with soft materials such as banana leaves, paper or grass straw. Healthy and diseased tubers are placed in separate containers. The container is then covered with paper or Banana leaves and a string net is woven over the mouth of the container if the tubers are to be transported immediately to the market. No cover is provided for the container if the tubers are to be transported to a nearby storage place.
When you are done harvesting, take your product to the market and make sales. Yam farming is lucrative as Yam is a very important commodity in the market and sells very fast.
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OUR TABLE OF CONTENT INCLUDE;
SECTION 1(Business plan section)
- SECTION I – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- NAME OF BUSINESS / COMPANY
- OFFICE & SITE LOCATION
- MOTIVATION
- MISSION STATEMENT
- SOCIAL/ECONOMIC VALUE
- PROJECT STATUS & START UP
- WHY PREPARE THIS BUSINESS PLAN?
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- STUDY AREA
- COMPANY OVERVIEW
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- DEPARTMENTS IN THE COMPANY
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- YOUR INDUSTRY SIZE GROWTH RATE AND SALES PROJECTIONS
- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
- MARKET OVERVIEW
- MARKET SEGMENTATION
- RELEVANT MARKET SIZE
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- LONG TERM PROSPECTIVE
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- SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
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- TARGET CUSTOMERS
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- PRODUCTION CAPACITY
- PRICING
- PROMOTIONS PLAN
- DISTRIBUTION PLAN
- SECTION VII – OPERATIONS PLAN
- GENERAL APPROACH TO PRODUCTION
- TECHNICAL ANALYSIS / PRODUCTION PROCESS
- EQUIPMENT
- PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS
- SECTION VIII – FINANCIAL PLAN
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- FINANCIAL ASSUMPTIONS
- FINANCE CHARGES
- FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS
- FUNDING REQUIREMENTS/USE OF FUNDS
- CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS
SECTION 2(Feasibility study section)
- FINANCIAL MODELS
- SUMMARY OF PROJECT COST
- BUDGET OF FIXED ASSETS / CAPITAL EXPENSES / INVESTMENTS
- DEPRECIATION
- UTILITIES
- OPERATING EXPENSES (OPEX)
- TOTAL REQUIRED INVESTMENT OUTLAY (REQUIRED START-UP CAPITAL)
- FINANCING PLAN
- INSTALLED / AVAILABLE EQUIPMENT
- BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS
- LOAN REPAYMENT SCHEDULE AND INTEREST PAID
- FORECAST OF PROFIT AND LOSS
- CASH FLOW
- BALANCE SHEET
- GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS (BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS)
- BUSINESS RATIOS - PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
- CONCLUSION
- SECTION 3 – APPENDIX
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These Feasibility study on poultry farming business (specializing on layers and boilers production), was conducted using projections, impressive publications, compounding interest/values, tables, graph, bar chart, pie chart, profits analysis and cash flow positions in other to give a clear picture of what is obtainable in that location, using eight plots of land, at Esemdiary village, Off Effurun Sapele Road, Okpe LGA of Delta state, Nigeria as a case study.
Esemdiary village is a community in Okpe Local Government Area of Delta State with coordinates 05°26’N 5°57’E, which also plays the host community to the Warri Airport, which is actually located at Osubi.
Okpe Local Government is a territory that used to be part of the original Okpe Kingdom, its headquarters is at Orerokpe, with a population of 128,398 people whose primary occupations include commercial farming, fishing, hunting, trading and gas exploration.
After carrying out the feasibility study on Esemdiary village, Off Effurun-Sapele Road, Okpe LGA of Delta state, Nigeria, it was discovered that, farming generally will do well both on crop and animal production.
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